The Parisian club has now claimed the season-opening cup on fourteen separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the match featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger opened the scoring in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side fired twice in the closing moments to take a shock lead. First, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital equaliser in the dying moments to send the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 penalty victory.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the last 13 years.